How Catastrophe Bond Relate with Systemic Risk Free Essay Example, 2000 words

CAT bond are risk-related securities that would see the transfer of risk from sponsors to existing investors. Like any other bond, systemic risk will cause a decline in investors returns implying the decline of their other investments too. This risk is non-diversifiable and can be well solved by hedging. The aggregate market inherent risk arises from the financial crisis, interest rates in the overall market, recessions and wars among others. It causes fluctuation of return with regard to the macro-economic issues affecting all risky investments. The risk is unavoidable and the CAT bonds will always have the returns affected by currency, liquidity, interest rates, and inflation risk. The correlation degree of CAT bonds and I LS market in an investment of assets to the wider capital market is lower degree than others. However, it does not exclude it from harm in the case of currency break up. The last Eurozone sovereign debt crisis and the US economic change led to global economic i nstability which did not spare even the catastrophe bond. The financial crisis of 2008 was a perfect test of CAT bonds market when CAT bonds credit and equities registered a failure after the link between all assets was quite high. We will write a custom essay sample on How Catastrophe Bond Relate with Systemic Risk or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page The liquidity of the bond is quite tight with limited trading where transactions are conducted away from the public scope.

The Media s Influence On American Culture By The Dominate...

Beauty is defined in American culture by the dominate ideology of white middle class males. Hegemonic ideology is promoted by online media outlets with femininity communicated as a way to serve the sexual desire of men (pp. 449). The pressure on women to look and behave certain ways is deeply imbedded in our everyday life. I will use two online media stories; the PBS online video, Merchants of Cool, and Yahoo Style as the basis of this essay. The PBS video, Merchants of Cool is about the merchant and media outlets that target the teenage population with their estimated $150 billion annual spending power. The video looks at how these merchants, through both pop-culture and teen surveys (i.e. cool hunting), give the impressionable teenage market what they want and what today’s top five enormous companies push them to want. Newscorp, Disney, Viacom, Universal Vivendi and AOL/Time Warner are responsible for selling nearly all of youth culture; they are the true â€Å"Merchants of Cool†. According to West Turner (2014), cultural studies is essentially concerned with how elite groups such as the media exercise their power over subordinated groups and is rooted in two fundamental claims; culture pervades and invades all facets of human behavior, and people are part of a hierarchical structure of power (pp. 441). Marketing groups examine very closely the behaviors that many of the people in their target demographic are engaged in and why. Marketing relies on socialShow MoreRelatedPublic Perception On Police Profiling Essay1699 Words   |  7 Pagespost-racial society. If an African-American candidate has been elected in a predominantly white nation, this must signify that the U.S. does not have barriers that hinder African-Americans and other people of color from accessing opportunities or that we live in a color-blind society – in which race is not an issue. 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Wood Department of Communication, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill times more often than ones about women (â€Å"Study Reports Sex Bias,† 1989), media misrepresent actual proportions of men and women in the population. This constant distortion tempts us to believe that there really are more men than women and, further, that men are the cultural standard. THEMES IN MEDIA Of the many influences on how we view menRead More Black Women in Rap Essay6410 Words   |  26 Pagesprevalent than most. In addition to such topics as drugs, alcohol and police brutality, a dominant theme within rap music is the denigration and derision of women. Indeed, as the above lyrics to Akinyeles song â€Å"Put It in your Mouth† illustrate, many male rappers use violent and misogynistic lyrics to create an image of women that is both degrading and disgusting. 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Taylor defined culture as that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, customs, and many other capabilities and habits acquired by...[members] of society.[1] Taylor was talking about high culture, an aristocratic view of the past-times such as ballet, theatre and art. Popular culture, on the other hand, is a form of low culture and is based primarily on marketing

My Different Kinds of Friends Free Essays

I have formed many friendships in life. Each friend, however, is different. Some are closer than others. We will write a custom essay sample on My Different Kinds of Friends or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some are more important to keep than others. There are friends made out of necessity and some formed as if by fate. Friends, certainly, are of various kinds. I have one best friend. We share many similarities in character and preferences. We have been through a lot since we first met. The best friend is someone whom you think you could trade personalities with. He is someone whom you could share your secrets, dreams and problems. He will accept you for both your good and bad traits and could be depended on in both happy and sad times. The other type of friend I have made is the group-friend. The clique is a group of people whom you go in a group with. I am part of one in school and another in the neighborhood. When I start working in a company, I know I will be part of another. Although the closeness is less than that of the best friend, belonging to a clique means having a group to hang out with, play games with, and sympathize with each other’s life stories. Then, there are the friends I keep in close contact with but am not really close enough to confide in. I keep a good relationship with them because I see them regularly. They are schoolmates, sons and daughters of my parents, neighbors, and other people whom I interact with in a regular basis. Finally, there are the friends whom I make at various stages in my life but whom I lost contact with through the years. For instance, childhood friends who went to different schools or have already moved to other places. I keep in contact with some of them through email and sometimes I see them but a long distance friendship is different to having a regular friend around. Friends change every year or so. Even a best friend can become a mere acquaintance later on in life. There are no permanent friends unless one takes the extra effort. Friends are important to have in life, however, in that they are like life-saving crafts. We need them during fun times, but we need them more during the low moments of life. How to cite My Different Kinds of Friends, Papers

Communications Plan Multicultural With Stakeholders

Question: Discuss about the Communications Plan Multicultural With Stakeholders. Answer: Introduction: The content of this report is objectified to the topic communication in a business where Samsung has been chosen for the analysis. Communication between an organization, rather say among the different department and authorities of an organization is the fundamental requirement. A successful business, employee management as well as employee satisfaction heavily depends on the appropriate approach to the customer satisfaction. Communication is not required for only the internal management issues of an organization, it is equally important for the relationship with the external factors that is consumers, suppliers, society and governments. Here, this report is based on an incident of product recall (smartphones, tablet) by Samsung. Strong communication is required prior to such incidents as Samsung is a global company and millions of people are attached to this brand. The aim of this report is to establish a communication plan that helps Samsung to interact with its internal and external stakeholders. However, prior to this descriptive plan, the report has given an account on the different stakeholders of the company so that, different and effective communicative approach can be adopted for different stakeholders. Another important inclusion in this report is the analytical description of the effectiveness of the communications plan that has been suggested here. such measure has made this report more reliable and practical. Identification of relevant stakeholders: Samsung is a South Korean multinational conglomerate company with numerous subsidiaries. Both the smartphones and tablets are manufactured under the label of Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. Samsung electronics conducts its business operation across 80 countries and almost 370,000 people are attached to this organization (Roth, 2014). Hence, it is clear that Samsung involves a large number of stakeholders across worldwide. this part of the report has identified both the internal and external stakeholders of the Samsung. Internal stakeholders: As mentioned by, Shwom and Snyder (2015), internal stakeholders are the individual or groups those participate in the organizational activities. In simple words, internal stakeholders are the part of the organizational structure. Internal stakeholders both influence and get influenced by the success or failure of the business operation of an organization; because, they invest their effort, money and time for the sake of an organization. Argenti(2015), suggested that all the decisions, activities, profitability and performance of an organization greatly impact the internal stakeholders. Without any efficient internal stakeholders, it becomes difficult for an organization to survive in the particular industry in long run. For Samsung, its internal stakeholders are as following: Owners: Owners are the significant shareholder of the company and capable of taking any decisions concerning to both the internal and external shareholders (Guffey Loewy, 2012). Samsung follows an extremely complicated structure for its ownership. Circular ownership is also seen in the organizational structure. Samsung electronics is the flagship division of the Samsung group that accounted 70% of the revenues for the year of 2012 (Samsung.com., 2017). Managers: Managers are also important in for the organizational context because they have a substantial role in the determination of any strategies, their implementation as well as for the business operations. According to, Bargiela-Chiappini, Nickerson and Planken(2013), managers act as the mediators between the shareholders and the owners or board of directors. Samsung is divided into many subsidiaries and hundreds of its offices across the globe. Each office has a manager who is concerned with the operation and employee management of the company in that particular region of the country. Employees: As mentioned by, Ver?i?, Ver?i? and Sriramesh(2012), good human resources are the base of a stable structure of an organization. The success, performance, accomplishment of companys goal and standard of the service majorly depend on the employee and their inputs for those aspects. For Samsung, a total number of the employees till the year of 2016 is 392,305 (Samsung.com., 2017). An important aspect should be kept in mind that Samsung deals with various countries; thus, the organization is required an effective communication system to handle different issues related to different scenarios of employee management. Board of directors: A group of members is selected at the annual general meeting, who are supposed to monitor the incorporated entity of the organization. Chairman of the Samsung is Lee-Kun-hee who also is the major shareholder of the company; Lee-Jae-yong and Kwon-Oh-hyun are the vice chairman of the company. Kwon-Oh-hyun has served the position of CEO till 2012 (Samsung.com., 2017). External stakeholders: External stakeholders are not the direct part of the management of the organization; they deal with the company externally. Though external stakeholders do not take participation in day-to-day activities of an organization, its decision effects the external shareholders. However, external stakeholders are an important part of the organization because the success of the company is equally dependent on them (Castells, 2013). For Samsung, external stakeholders are: Suppliers: They are responsible for delivering the resources for the manufacture. Samsung produces smartphones and other electronic gadgets with the help of microchips, software, semiconductors and other technological intervention in its own production plants. However, it uses few production firms in South Korea. Consumers: Consumers are responsible for the success of a business; if the consumers prefer the products it will enhance the market whereas, lack of customer satisfaction negative affect the business (Anken, 2013). Samsung operation multiple foreign ventures; thus, it covers consumers from different social, cultural and economic background. A huge number of consumers has led Samsung to hold the position of the most popular organization in the smartphone industry. Society: An organization is required to maintain the positive impact on the society through its business or operational strategy. Corporate social responsibility is the term that is concerned with such context. Collaboration with the local community to establish ethical and practical goods for the society and the population comes under this provision (Quirke, 2012). NGOs: NGOs influence the business of an organization by monitoring the facts whether the organization is abiding the provision of child labor, adequate wage system, gender equality, environmental sustainability etc. Government: Different rules, regulation and legislative acts are the guidelines for an organization to conduct a legal and ethical business (Anderson, 2012). As Samsung has its operational set ups in different countries, they follow different labor acts, industry acts of that particular countries. Competitors: Competitors create pressure on an organization that in turn helps the organization go for more innovative and approaching products for the consumers (Downs Adrian, 2012). For Samsung, continuous competition from the Apple has forced it to think the most innovative technologies for its smartphones and tablets so that it can get a competitive advantage. Objective and scope of the communication plan: For this report, the objective of the communication plan is to inform all the stakeholders of Samsung about the incident of recalling the products such as smartphones and tablets from the market. The communication plan will address both the internal and external stakeholders of the organization so that confusion can be mitigated and control over the situation can be obtained. The scope of the communication plan depends on the fact that how successfully Samsung has incorporated the strategies for the communication plan; moreover, an appropriate presentation is also required in this regard to make each stakeholder acknowledged with the incident. For better understanding description, has been provided on how Samsung can develop a communication plan concerned to the recall for different stakeholders. Communication with the employees: As employees are the internal stakeholders they must be aware of the facts on ongoing procedures in an organization. However, Samsung should officially discuss the reason behind recalling of the products from the market. In such situation, employees; motivation and performance get affected; they sometimes get confused regarding their job security (Quintanilla Wahl, 2016). Hence, to avoid such circumstances Samsung is required to hold an effective communicative session with the employees disclosing the current status of the company and its consequences. Communication with managers: Managers always act as the mediator between the senior authority and ground workers; thus, they should be aware of the facts to avoid any situations that can result in misunderstanding and misleading events for the employees (Cornelissen, 2014). Moreover, senior authorities of the organization should guide the managers to take control over the situation. Communication with the investors: The main concern in this context is to give the assurance that they will get the return on their investments. For the scenario, mentioned here, Samsung can present an alternative plan for revenue collection to the investors. Uninterrupted communication with the investors is the only way to make them loyal and engaged to the company (Collier, Blackstone Taylor, 2012). Communication with consumers: This is one of the most important measures that the company is required to obtain because recalling of the products leave negative impacts on the brand reputation and business of an organization (Ulmer, Sellnow Seeger, 2013). Samsung must share the reason why they have taken their products back. Moreover, they should also give alternative options for the products they have drawn back from the market. Apart from that, it should also be declared to the customers about what improvements organization has made for their latest products. Communication with NGOs and governmental authorities: Samsung must interact with such entities with the declaration of the issues via the formal approach of communication. Determination of various communication channel: Dozier, Grunig and Grunig(2013), has suggested that an appropriate approach should be adopted while interacting with others. The approach depends on the fact with whom we are interacting. Sometimes, an organization face difficulties to select appropriate options to interact with the different kinds of stakeholders; that is why explanation has been given on different kind of communication channels that could be adopted by Samsung. Formal communication channels: This kind of communication channel follows the system that involves a chain of commands to deliver the message to the target audience. Such channel is followed when a manager is required to communicate with his or her subordinates. This channel of communication transmits the official information across the organization (Harper, 2015). Samsung can use newsletters or official documents to make the employees and other shareholders such as customers and investors aware of the incident of recalling the smartphones and tablets. The advantage of this communication channel that it will address all the concerned authorities appropriately. The disadvantage of this approach is that the strict hierarchical process can note be efficiently implemented on its own and requires an informal way of communication. Informal communication channel: Informal communication channel lacks the hierarchal web of the communication. Commands are not strictly followed here. This kind communication takes place in a relaxing atmosphere; for example, it can be said that the conversation takes place among the employees during the free time is part of the informal communication channel (Ruck Welch, 2012). Managers of Samsung can apply this approach if any employee asks about the incidents happening in the organization due to the recalling of the products. The advantage of informal communication is that it encourages the employees to clear their confusions whereas, it also can disrupt the firm management structures due to the assumptions of audiences on a particular incident. Unofficial communication channels: This kind of communication is taken place the public aware of any incident unofficially such as using social media to inform the audience about the recalling. This can be done in different ways; for instance, if an employee shares the current status of the internal situation of his organization in his personal social account it will make the other people aware of the incident, however, in an unofficial term. Another option is if the social fan groups of a product or an organization share information (which can be a rumor) on its social page to make people aware. However, Brummanset al. (2014), has argued that using social platform has become more official way nowadays to reach the customer. hence, Samsung can easily adopt this approach to make its consumers aware about the facts behind recalling. Moreover, by doing this, Samsung can avoid unnecessary avoiding of rumors also. One of the advantages of this channel is that it can inform the large numbe r of audience with fewer efforts; the disadvantage of this process is it can spread rumors resulting into uncontrollable disturbances. Critical evaluation of the communication plan: Communication is extremely important to maintain a continuous flow of the organizational activities. On addition, the effectiveness of the organizational management also depends on the appropriative communicative relation (Miller, 2014). For the critical evaluation of the communication plan, it can be said the plan can hold successful results if it is implemented in a proper way. Before implementation of any plan collective decisions are required to be taken; for this case, Samsung authority should understand importance of this communication plan to address its different stakeholders about situation. On addition, the company must accept and analyze the feedback of this plan so that improvement in the communication plan can be done for later. For a complicated situation, sensible management is highly recommended; thus, assessment of the key points of this planning must be conducted. As mentioned before, Samsung is required to follow the apposite communication channels to address parti cular stakeholders of the organization. This communication plan will be helpful for Samsung as it will polish the interactive approach with its shareholders; it can also result in a more successful relationship with the shareholders. Conclusion: This report has been constructed for the identification of different measures for an effective communication plan. For, this report, Samsung has been selected; the organization has recently recalled few of its products such as smartphones and tablets from the market. In such condition, it is obvious for formation of a chaotic environment among the stakeholders of the organization. To overcome such situation, this report has developed a communication plan that can be used for the controlling of the situation. This report has first described the different stakeholders of Samsung; importance of both the internal and external stakeholders for an organization has been described in this concern. The report has provided an analytical approach for the description of different approaches, required communicate with different stakeholders. For the obtaining of an appropriate communication, different channels have been followed within an organization. This report has given a detailed account on those different procedures that Samsung can follow to address its particular stakeholders. Formal communication channel involves a chain of commands, whereas, the informal channel of communication takes place during a friendly or relaxing environment. Unofficial communication involves social platforms for to spread the information. All the measures, described here, has been evaluated to understand whether these approaches are appropriate and viable or not to the situation. Hence, it can be said that this report has successfully placed all the information to satisfy the topic of communication in business and can be further revised while conducting any extensive research on this topic. References Anderson, J. A. (Ed.). (2012).Communication yearbook 14(No. 14). Routledge. Anken, B. (2013). What is Business Discourse?. InBusiness Discourse(pp. 3-44). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Argenti, P. A. (2015).Corporate communication. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Bargiela-Chiappini, F., Nickerson, C., Planken, B. (2013). What is Business Discourse?. InBusiness Discourse(pp. 3-44). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Brummans, B. H. J. M., Cooren, F., Robichaud, D., Taylor, J. R. (2014). Approaches to the communicative constitution of organizations.The SAGE handbook of organizational communication: Advances in theory, research, and methods, 173-194. Castells, M. (2013).Communication power. OUP Oxford. Collier, B., Blackstone, S. W., Taylor, A. (2012). Communication access to businesses and organizations for people with complex communication needs.Augmentative and Alternative Communication,28(4), 205-218. Cornelissen, J. (2014).Corporate communication: A guide to theory and practice. Sage. Downs, C. W., Adrian, A. D. (2012).Assessing organizational communication: Strategic communication audits. Guilford Press. Dozier, D. M., Grunig, L. A., Grunig, J. E. (2013).Manager's guide to excellence in public relations and communication management. Routledge. Guffey, M. E., Loewy, D. (2012).Essentials of business communication. Cengage Learning. Harper, C. (2015).Organizations: Structures, processes and outcomes. Routledge. Miller, K. (2014).Organizational communication: Approaches and processes. Nelson Education. Quintanilla, K. M., Wahl, S. T. (2016).Business and professional communication: keys for workplace excellence. Sage Publications. Quirke, M. B. (2012).Making the connections: using internal communication to turn strategy into action. Gower Publishing, Ltd.. Roth, S. (2014). The things that go without saying: on performative differences between business value communication and communication on business values.International Journal of Business Performance Management,15(3), 175-191. Ruck, K., Welch, M. (2012). Valuing internal communication; management and employee perspectives.Public Relations Review,38(2), 294-302. Samsung.com,. (2017). Executives | Samsung Electronics | About Us. Samsung au. Retrieved 6 January 2017, from https://www.samsung.com/au/aboutsamsung/samsungelectronics/executives/executives_02/ Shwom, B. G., Snyder, L. G. (2015).Business communication: Polishing your professional presence. Pearson. Ulmer, R. R., Sellnow, T. L., Seeger, M. W. (2013).Effective crisis communication: Moving from crisis to opportunity. Sage Publications. Ver?i?, A. T., Ver?i?, D., Sriramesh, K. (2012). Internal communication: Definition, parameters, and the future.Public relations review,38(2), 223-230.

Taxing The Internet Essay Research Paper With free essay sample

Taxing The Internet Essay, Research Paper With the Internet turning in popularity every twenty-four hours, traffic on the Internet has doubled every 100 yearss ( NCPA ) ; the idea of taxing the Internet has become a het treatment. Advocates of the revenue enhancement say it will bring forth big net incomes for local and province authoritiess through gross revenues revenue enhancement. While oppositions province that the populace has become accustomed to non paying revenue enhancements online, and that taxing would decelerate the rapid growing of Internet commercialism. The Clinton disposal has decided non to revenue enhancement minutess made over the Internet # 8212 ; for the clip being. Clinton advisor Ira Magaziner says the Net should be tax-exempt for at least five old ages. Presidential campaigners seem to hold besides aligned together to plight how they would halt the tax collector immersing his Myxocephalus aenaeus hands into internet. In some respects, a farther prohibition on new Internet revenue enhancements is neither here nor at that place, because the existent job is the trouble of roll uping those old revenue enhancements that should already use to e-commerce. We will write a custom essay sample on Taxing The Internet Essay Research Paper With or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Harmonizing to the National Center for Policy Analysis s survey of the Commerce Department, online commercialism is expected to make $ 300 billion by 2002. The Internet has been responsible for a one-percentage-point bead in rising prices and is turning twice every bit fast as the overall economic system. A study from the Department of Commerce recommends that electronic commercialism non be # 8220 ; burdened with extended ordinance, revenue enhancement or censoring # 8221 ; ( NCPA ) . Those who oppose Internet revenue enhancement predict that any move to roll up such revenue enhancements would drench the tribunals with cases over legal power. Another point made by oppositions of Internet revenue enhancement provinces that if a gross revenues revenue enhancement were implemented, on-line Sellerss would merely travel offshore. Besides states without gross revenues revenue enhancements gain economically ; Oregon, for illustration, is already outpacing provinces with gross revenues revenue enhancements as the location of pick for Internet merchants. Elimination of a province gross revenues revenue enhancement may bring on concerns to turn up in a province, where revenue enhancements on concern and its employees will finally transcend the lost gross revenues revenue enhancement grosss ( Is Gross saless Tax ) . Historically the huge majority of goods and services people consumed were purchased in the immediate locality, so a gross revenues revenue enhancement made sense. However, two developments are changing the basic premise on which the gross revenues revenue enhancement remainders, growing of gross revenues over the Internet and turning portion of end product that is in the signifier of services, instead than physical goods ( . This may non look much of a job now, while the province caissons are overruning with money and e-commerce is in its babyhood. But the longer nil is done, the more clients will go accustomed to avoiding revenue enhancements when shopping online and the more unpopular will be any effort to alter that state of affairs ( Economist ) . Bibliography The Economist. Taxing the Internet. [ Online ] March 25th # 8211 ; 31st 2000 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.economist.com/editorial/freeforall/current/index_us2912.html. National Center for Policy Analysis. Regulation Policy: Taxing the Internet. [ Online ] hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ncpa.org/pd/regulat/regapr98g.html. National Center for Policy Analysis. Is the Gross saless Tax Obsolete? [ Online ] hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ncpa.org/ pi/taxes/pd032400e.html. Ming dynasties, Turley. The Study of Economics, Sixth Edition. Dushkin Publishing Group, United States, 1999.

Earth Day Origins

Earth Day Origins Earth Day is celebrated annually by millions of people worldwide, but how did Earth Day begin? When was the first Earth Day? This is a trickier question than you might think. There are actually two official Earth Day celebrations every year, and both got their start in the spring of 1970. The First Widespread Earth Day Celebration The Earth Day most often celebrated in the United States- and in many other countries around the world- first took place on April 22, 1970. It was a nationwide teach-in about the environment, dreamed up by U.S. Senator Gaylord Nelson.  A Democrat from Wisconsin, Senator Nelson had been instrumental earlier in introducing conservation in John F. Kennedys presidency.  Gaylord Nelsons Earth Day was modeled on the anti-war teach-in demonstrations that Vietnam war protesters had used successfully to educate people about their issues. On the first Earth Day, more than 20 million people turned out at thousands of colleges, universities and communities all across America for an environmental teach-in day, which sparked a global environmental reawakening. More than half a billion people in 175 countries now celebrate Earth Day on April 22. The April 22 date was chosen for its fit within the American college calendar, before end-of-semester exams but when the weather is likely to be relatively pleasant nationwide. Conspiracy theorists relish the fact that April 22 is also the birthday of Vladimir Lenin, seeing in that choice more than the mere coincidence that it is. A Second Claim to First Earth Day Yet, it may surprise you to learn that April 22, 1970 was not the first Earth Day. A month earlier, San Francisco Mayor Joseph Alioto had issued the first-ever Earth Day proclamation on March 21, 1970. Mayor Aliotos action was inspired by John McConnell, a San Francisco publisher and peace activist, who a year earlier had attended the 1969 UNESCO Conference on the Environment where he proposed an international holiday focused on environmental stewardship and preservation. McConnell suggested that Earth Day coincide with the March equinox- the first day of spring in the northern hemisphere, March 20 or 21 depending on the year. It is a date filled with all the symbolism associated with spring, including hope and renewal. That is, until one remembers that south of the equator that date signifies the end of summer and the beginning of autumn. About a year later, on February 26, 1971, then-UN Secretary General U Thant supported McConnells proposal for an annual global Earth Day celebration at the March equinox, and issued a proclamation to make it official. Today, the United Nations rallies with Senator Nelsons plan and every year promotes an April 22nd celebration of what they call Mother Earth Day. Edited by Frederic Beaudry.

How to Improve Nonverbal Communication Assignment - 14

How to Improve Nonverbal Communication - Assignment Example Physical Appearance: This is how other people see us and how we perceive them and is an important part of the nonverbal dialogue. How we look is what others see on first meeting and this creates perceptions about us in the other person’s mind. At the same time, we apply this to others and receive important nonverbal information, based on our perceptions. For example, if I meet someone who appears to have taken the trouble to be tidy and clean, I think they will behave in ways that match the appearance, such as a friendly and natural manner, well-spoken and polite, smiling and responsive. I am more likely to respond to them in a positive way, mirroring their behaviors. The people I relate to best in social and work situations are those who try to present a pleasing appearance because, in my experience, this goes together with behaviors that help communication, as mentioned above. I have seen how such a person reacts to praise or criticism quietly and thoughtfully, and this also increases my positive perceptions of them. On the other hand, I have met people who are dirty and untidy in appearance, who do not return a smile or greeting, and my perceptions of them are negative, causing me difficulty in establishing communication and rapport. Kinesics: (external displays of human feelings and emotions). These are expressed through such actions as a look, mimicry, gestures to emphasize meanings, poses, and visual communication (sight and movement of eyes). These nonverbal components provide a great deal of information when interactions take place. This is most helpful in cases where people are speaking in different languages, something I have experienced, as I am Russian. Gestures thus become the unique means of dialogue and carry out vital communicative functions.

Rehabilitation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Rehabilitation - Essay Example The discussion in this paper focuses on the rehabilitation as the most efficient way of addressing crime compared to each of the other three methods. In this paper, rehabilitation is considered to be the most valuable rationalization of punishment since it does not concentrate more on punishing the offender but on reforming the offender to be useful to self and society (Duker and Malsch 1957). Through rehabilitation, it is clear that the obligation of the state is to assist those who fell short of society’s expected moral behavioral standards. The argument is that restoring a socially acceptable life for criminals through rehabilitation will enrich them with skills that can make them self dependent beyond the disadvantages of their constrained life that led to crime. This way, rehabilitation considers the offender and the society which is why it focuses on changing a person to become part of the society and contribute to its growth (Lippman 56). However, the process of making the offender to be part of the society is gradual as the penal system assists the offenders to secure jobs, and become valuable society members. The result is that there are lower crime rates compared to the use of retributive, incapacitation, deterrence, and restoration. Additionally, the implementation of rehabilitation ensures that criminals are off the streets while justice and revenge is granted on victims (Samaha 30). Other advantages of focusing on rehabilitation are that there is reduction in prison overcrowding which goes hand in hand with the reduction on federal spending. For the rehabilitated offender, there are very low chances that the person will resort to crime anymore and this avoids second or more times crime. Besides jobs skills, rehabilitation focuses on granting the offender skills to resolve conflicts, manage money, among other crucial life skills (Duker and Malsch 1958). On overall, rehabilitation results to increased access to safety for the

Use academic literture and to apply theory in examining a chosen Essay

Use academic literture and to apply theory in examining a chosen ethical or social marketing issue - Essay Example Therefore, marketing managers have the responsibility of ensuring that they reduce advertisements that encourage underage drinking (Mohan, 2009, pg 27). This can be done by creating public awareness of the dangers of alcohol consumption. They should set out well-coordinated efforts aimed at reducing underage drinking by fostering mature and responsible drinking habits to adults Panda (2010) defines advertisement a mass communication medium; thus, require managers to exercise social responsibility. The marketing managers are required to provide correct information about the products and services that they promote (Andreasen, 2011, pg29). This is critical in giving consumer adequate information to make correct choices. Understanding the responsibility towards the public is critical since it has a positive and negative consequences. Imperatively, the consumers’ protection groups and government provide criticism on advertisements. In many cases, they base their arguments on companys manipulative and deceptive reasons (Panda, 2010,pg37). Many consumers focus their attention on the environmental and social effect of advertisements. Other concerned with the commercial clutter, offensiveness, stereotypes, and value system. For instances, labels designed for alcoholic beverages in retail places have pictures of an older person and not children to avoid allur ing the youth and children. Marketing managers have the responsibility of ensuring that their advertisements meet the ethical norms. In essence, they need to ensure that the messages do not harm the political, social, and morals standards in the society (Lamb, 2011, pg8). Ethical advertisements are those that have limits on decency, does not lie, and don’t make false claims. It can be observed that many advertisements are exaggerative. The sole reasons for marketing managers are to increase their sales. Many are forced to make a false representation by presenting colorful, decorated, and

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) Causes and Symptoms

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) Causes and Symptoms Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in the Reproductive Woman: An Epidemiological Approach Abstract One of the most prevalent disorders among women with reproductive age is polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Though the etiology of this syndrome is unknown, it can be diagnosed on the basis of three cardinal characteristics. This paper defines the issue along with a brief background and its significance. It also explores the prevalence and incidence rate worldwide and especially in Pakistan. Moreover, it will enlighten the major risk factors and long term concerns which have made life of women miserable. A review of treatment which includes pharmacological and non-pharmacological ways that is diet and exercises will be highlighted. Furthermore, it provides recommendation at individual, community, institutional, national and government level. It also explores the need of future researches among women with PCOS. By approaching all these aspects, women can combat with PCOS and reduce forthcoming morbidities. Women of all ages experience multiple health issues. Particularly, women during her reproductive years encounter gynecological and endocrine disorders that exasperate their lives. Among all disorders, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy. PCOS was referred as Stein-Leventhal Syndrome after Irving Stein and Micheal Leventhal, who first described it in 1935 (KINZA). However, record of PCOS dates back from atavistic era. Hippocrates, Soranus of Ephesus and Moises Maimonides identified women with oligomenorrhea, sterile conditions, masculine and healthy appearance which suggests PCOS (Azziz, Dumessic, Goodarzi, 2011). According to National Institute of Health Conference (1990), â€Å"Women are defined to have PCOS if they have chronic anovulation and evidence of androgen excess for which there is no other cause† (Guzick, 2004, p. 181). The diagnostic criteria’s for PCOS are convened by the National Institute of Health in 1992, the European Society for Human Reproduction and Embryology/American Society for Reproductive Medicine i.e. Rotterdam criterion in 2004 and the Androgen Excess and PCOS Society in 2006. However, a Rotterdam criterion is widely used. According to Rotterdam criterion, presence of any two cardinal features is sufficient to diagnose a woman with PCOS. These features include oligomenorrhea or anovulation, clinical or biochemical hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovaries. This criterion also defines the morphology of polycystic ovaries i.e. â€Å"the presence of 12 or more follicles measuring between 2 and 9 mm in diameter and/or an increased ovarian volume of greater than 10 cm3† (Sirmans Pate, 2014, p. 3). PCOS has a high prevalence and incidences not only in western areas, but also in Eastern areas, specifically in Asia. Rehman, Salahuddin and Obaid-ur-Rehman (2005) estimated 20% women from the general population, and 10% women of reproductive age suffer from PCOS. A study conducted in UK reported that 20% 25% white women suffer from PCOS whereas the ratio was found to be much higher in South Asian women i.e. 52% (Karachi: Seminar told ovarian disease, 2010). A prospective study conducted in Greece, Spain and United States concluded that about 4% 8% of women were diagnosed with PCOS (Teed, Deeks Moran, 2010). In India, a cross-sectional study revealed that 51 out of 96 women have PCOS (Bhattacharya Jha, 2011). Furthermore, 20.7% women of reproductive age group are affected in Pakistan (Baqai, Khanam, Parveen, 2010). The morbidity rate of PCOS is expanding to a great momentum due to lack of awareness regarding preventive measures and inappropriate healthcare facilities. Its long t erm consequences do not limit to the reproductive axis; women with PCOS are at high risk for acquiring metabolic and cardiovascular illnesses (Avery Mayer, 2007). Inspite of its deleterious impacts PCOS has persisted for many years. It also remains a challenge for the clinician’s to diagnose and manage it. However, better understanding of the complexities of PCOS will ultimately lead to improved health outcomes and effective clinical care. This compelled us to converse over the epidemiology of PCOS. â€Å"PCOS has been identified as an area of clinical need and as a public health issue† (Hailes, 2011, p. 28). The exact etiology of PCOS is yet unknown, but several sufficient determinants are associated with its occurrence (Rehman et al., 2005). Insulin resistance is the major underlying factor. About 50-80% of the women with insulin resistance reported to have PCOS. Insulin plays both direct and indirect roles in the appearance of the disease. High levels of insulin work synergistically to the luteinizing hormone. Together they increase the androgen production of theca cells which lead to lipid abnormalities (Zacur, 2003). Moreover, elevated insulin level inhibits hepatic synthesis of sex hormone–binding globulin leading to increase amount of unbound or free testosterone (Ehrmann, 2005). Ahmed et al. (2008) highlighted genetics as an important risk factor for PCOS. Deregulation of the cytochrome P450c17 gene affects ovarian function which results in hyperandrogenism (Ahmed et al., 2008). Ehrmann (2005) reported that an abnormality in the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis (HPOA) is associated with PCOS. Rojas et al. (2014) concluded that an increase impulse frequency of HPOA raises the production of luteinizing hormone (LH). This in turn increases the synthesis of androgens, suggestive of PCOS (Ehrmann, 2005). Other factors include altered steroid metabolism that is dysregulation of 11b-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase (Ahmed et al. 2008). In a retrospective study, women on antiepileptic drugs reported menstrual irregularities. Hence a positive relation between antiepileptic drugs and PCOS was found (Zacur, H., 2005; American Pregnancy Association, 2014). Vitamin D deficiency may place a woman to develop PCOS (Thys-Jacobs, Donovan, Papadopoulos, Sarrel, Bilezikian, 1999). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) decreases if women have higher body mass index (BMI), fat and insulin resistance. Hence, vitamin D deficiency alters intracellular calcium, which results in ovarian dysfunction (Khan et al., 2014). Untreated PCOS have various ramifications, including reproductive, metabolic, cardiovascular and psychological alterations. According to Legro et al. (2013), endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial cancer may occur due to deficiency of progesterone. Moreover, women with PCOS are prone to develop Diabetes Mellitus (DM) type II in later life. A case control study revealed that 7.5% of women end up with DM type II (Legro, Kunselman, Dodson, Dunaif, 1999). In addition, PCOS can affect circulatory system in an indirect way as women develop dyslipidemia and cardiovascular diseases. Anxiety and depression are the most common psychological issues reported by women with PCOS (Way, 2013). Lifestyle modification should be adopted by women suffering from PCOS. These amendments include weight control, stress management and dietary modification. A small amount of weight loss as little as 5% can help a woman to regulate the menstrual cycle and ovulation. Weight control can be beneficial for a woman to sustain mental well-being, and enables her to partially culminate the risk of cardiac and metabolic disorders (Boyle Teede, 2012). Moreover, dietary management includes the consumption of low glycemic index, high fiber and low fat diet to reduce the associated symptoms of PCOS. No ideal pharmacological treatment has yet been found that completely treats PCOS. However, symptomatic treatment is usually preferred. Low dose of oral contraceptive pill, cyclic progestin and metformin are used as first line treatment for PCOS. These drugs help in treating ovarian dysfunction, menstrual irregularities and hyperandrogenism (Garad, Teede, Moran, 2011). Elter and colleagues concluded from their clinical trial that OCP in combination with metformin is more effective in suppressing the androgen level as compared to OCP alone (Ahmed, Qureshi, Anjum, Akhtar, Anhalt, 2008). In presence of hirsutism spironolactone (200mg/d) is commonly prescribed (Guzick, 2004). Clomiphene citrate is recommended to induce fertility in women with PCOS. It triggers FSH secretion and mature ovarian follicle. Herbal therapies are also used to cure PCOS which includes liquorice, kasip fatimah, spearmint tea, etc. All three herbs have anti-androgenic properties. In Turkey, RCT concluded that wo men who receive spearmint tea have decreased levels of free testosterone (Goswami, Khale, Ogale, 2012). Recommendation and future research PCOS is endemic in Pakistan, particularly in the reproductive women. To reduce the incidence rate following recommendation can be helpful. At an individual level, it is significant to provide psychological support to the women suffering from PCOS. This will enhance her self-confidence and enable her to cope effectively. Moreover, counseling services should be readily available for newly diagnosed women. These services should emphasize on weight management via diet and exercise. Proper instructions regarding drug dosage, side effects and the importance of compliance is crucial. The physical changes in the women with PCOS not only impact her well-being, but her family is equally affected. Therefore, family concerns should be addressed. Further, regular follow up should be stressed. It is estimated that 70% of women with PCOS remain undiagnosed in the community due to lack of awareness (March et al., 2010). Therefore, several screening programs should be organized to assess women’s physical, metabolic, and reproductive health. These programs help women to identify any alterations in their bodily functions. Further, it helps health care workers to plan effective need based interventions for them. Community health centers should arrange weekly monitoring of blood pressure, weight and BMI. Health institutions should initiate yearly screening programs for lipid profile, glucose levels (Boyle et al., 2012) and Vitamin D levels. Various mediums can be used to increase awareness in the population. Women should be educated to self-monitor the symptoms of PCOS. This could be achieved through the distribution of pamphlets, brochures, and flyers at institutional level. Similarly, at national level mass media like television shows and commercials, plays an important role. Awareness is an essential tool to save future daughters, wives and mothers from PCOS. Government in affiliation with health and education sectors should make policies to initiate awareness among school going girls, regarding menstrual irregularities and warning signs of PCOS. Also, the government should introduce free health services in district and tehsil hospitals to maintain sexual health of women (Beydoun et al., 2009). In collaboration with non-governmental organizations awareness sessions and support groups should be planned for high risk and previously diagnosed women to prevent them from complications. More parks and walking tracks should be made, and specific hours should be allocated for women. PCOS remains a debating issue for researchers as its causes and outcomes are emerging day by day. Matzke (2011) suggested that large sample studies in non-randomized clinical trials should be conducted. This would increase validity, reliability and applicability of the researches. Longitudinal studies should be conducted, and an individual should be followed for more than 5 years exactly after the diagnosis. The purpose of long term monitoring is to evaluate the significant changes that occur due to PCOS (Matzke, 2011). There is a need to modify the name of PCOS as this term only focuses on cyst and ovaries. Therefore, a name that defines its intricacy and reflects its characteristics in metabolic, hypothalamus, pituitary, ovarian, and adrenal interactions should be suggested (National Institute of Health, 2012). A few studies indicate that fertility drug such as clomiphene citrate may increase the risk of ovarian cyst if taken for a long period (American Pregnancy Association, 2014) . In this regard, further experimental researches should be performed to evaluate the evidence of PCOS in such women. A Chinese medicine cryptotanshinone is known for its significant effect in endocrine and metabolic disorders. However, this medicine is only tested on rats and showed a significant decrease in the symptoms of PCOS (Yu et al., 2014). Therefore, clinical trials of this drug are suggested. Ayurveda is a traditionally used treatment regimen. An experimental uncontrolled study was done to investigate the effectiveness of samprapti kriya and other herbs for curing sub-fertility in PCOS. Results showed that 85% of the women get cured and75% were able to conceive (Siriwardene, Karunathilaka, Kodituwakku, Karunarathne, 2010). About 70% of Pakistani people prefer alternative therapies over conventional medicines (Kokab Ahmad, 2011). Therefore, further research is required to validate the effectiveness of ayurveda treatment. In conclusion, PCOS have emerged as a devastating endocrine disorder among  women worldwide. The chief cause is unknown yet. This syndrome displays a variety of reproductive, metabolic, cardiovascular and psychological features. Management primarily focuses on lifestyle modification along with certain pharmacological medications for presenting symptoms. To eradicate this disorder, efforts are required at individual, community, institution and governmental level. Working on future research needs would help us to achieve better outcomes in upcoming years.

Employment Benefits in the Fast Food Industry Essay example -- Essays o

Employment Benefits in the Fast Food Industry The fast food industry has been expanding rapidly over the past years. It has become a part of our culture. In the book Labour Relations in the Global Fast-Food Industry, Robin Leidner quotes from Eric Schlosser who wrote the popular Fast Food Nation , â€Å"According to one estimate, there are approximately 2.5 million fast-food workers in the United States, making them the country’s largest group of low-paid workers (Leidner 11). Those 2.5 million fast-food workers are now working at Subway, McDonald’s, Burger King, Taco Bell, Wendy’s, Pizza Hut, KFC, etc. The American fast food industry was built on the promise of low prices and fast services. Therefore, the corporations have to keep the labor and other operating costs down. Employees who work in fast food restaurants receive low wages and minimal benefits. In the past, many fast food workers tried to unionize themselves for guaranteed wages and benefits; yet, they have failed as many times as they ha ve tried. I argue that fast food employees should get basic benefits such as health insurance, personal days and sick days, and perhaps a 401K plan because these hard workers are worth the benefits they should receive based on their commitments and contributions to the company. I feel it is unfair for them to receive low wages and no to minimum benefits while the company earns great profits. Some argue that the burger flippers and cashiers at fast food chains do not deserve high wages and full benefits because most of them are unskilled and uneducated. Some of these workers are grateful to the franchises for giving them opportunities for jobs based on their lack of skills and education. Most of these employees are teenage... ..., they should be qualified for greater benefits. From the commitments that employees put into their jobs, the company should appreciate their efforts by offering something more in return to the hard workers. Although the business goal is to make more profits, and fast food restaurants such as McDonald’s achieve this goal by reducing employment wages and benefits, the fast food corporations should recognize the effects of negative publicity. McDonald’s seem to have more negative publicity compared to Starbucks because Starbucks offers more benefits to their employees but less dangerous and easier jobs. Although they are both growing rapidly, Starbucks may be extending longer than McDonald’s based on their quality products and employee’s loyalty. The fast food industry should work harder to compete and maintain good workers as the labor market is getting tighter.